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INRAT Exam Study Blog

Guides, tips, and strategies for passing the Transport Canada instrument rating written exam — written by a Canadian flight instructor.

Exam Guide

INRAT Written Exam: What to Expect

The format, question style, the 13 categories, what trips most candidates up, and what exam day actually feels like.

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Study Resources

Best Study Resources for the Canadian IFR Written Exam

What's worth using, what to avoid, and why most of what you find online is built for the wrong exam.

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Study Guide

How to Pass the INRAT Written Exam on Your First Try

A step-by-step strategy for preparing for the Transport Canada instrument rating written exam — covering what to study, how long it takes, and how to avoid the most common mistakes.

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Study Guide

The 13 INRAT Exam Categories Explained

What each category covers, which ones show up most on the exam, and where candidates typically lose marks.

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Exam Intel

INRAT Exam Pass Rate: What the Numbers Say

Transport Canada doesn't publish pass rates. Here's what flight instructors actually see — and why candidates fail.

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Exam Intel

INRAT Exam Scoring: How It Works and What You Need to Pass

50 questions, 70% to pass. Here's exactly how Transport Canada marks the exam and what your result means.

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Study Guide

How Long to Prepare for the INRAT Exam

Honest timelines from a flight instructor — what affects your study hours and how to know when you're actually ready.

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Study Guide

TP 691E Study Guide: How to Use It for the INRAT Exam

Transport Canada's free official study guide — what's in it, how to use it properly, and what it won't teach you on its own.

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Exam Logistics

INRAT Exam Cost in Canada: What to Budget For

Exam fees, prep costs, and whether ground school is worth it — everything you need to know before booking.

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Category Deep Dive

INRAT Holding Entries Explained: Direct, Parallel, Teardrop

One of the most failed INRAT topics. Here's how to determine the correct entry every time — without guessing.

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Category Deep Dive

Two-Way Comm Failure on the INRAT: Canada Procedures Explained

The Canadian procedure for 7600 — routing priority, altitude selection, and what exam questions actually test.

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Category Deep Dive

Reading GFAs for the INRAT Exam

GFA interpretation is one of the most commonly failed meteorology topics. Here's how to read them correctly.

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Exam Logistics

Instrument Rating Requirements in Canada: The Full Checklist

Flight hours, medical, written exam, flight test — the complete Transport Canada checklist before you can fly IFR.

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Exam Logistics

When to Book the INRAT Exam: How to Know You're Ready

What your practice scores need to look like, why one good session isn't enough, and the checklist before you book.

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Category Deep Dive

ILS Approach Explained for the INRAT Exam

The most tested precision approach on the INRAT — components, categories, decision height, and where candidates lose marks.

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Category Deep Dive

IFR Weather Minimums in Canada: Takeoff, Approach & Alternate

Approach ban rules, decision heights, alternate weather thresholds — the specific Canadian numbers the INRAT tests.

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Category Deep Dive

Canadian Airspace Classes for the INRAT Exam

Air Law is the biggest INRAT category. A clear breakdown of Classes A through G and what the exam actually tests.

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Category Deep Dive

IFR Alternate Aerodrome Requirements in Canada

When you need an alternate, what weather qualifies one, and the four numbers every INRAT candidate needs to know cold.

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Category Deep Dive

VOR Approaches on the INRAT: What You Need to Know

Canada's most common non-precision approach — MDA, FAF, MAP, missed approach, and circling rules explained.

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Flight Planning

How to File an IFR Flight Plan in Canada

Required fields, fuel calculations, alternate requirements, and what to do when you need to amend or close in flight.

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Approach Procedures

GNSS/RNAV Approaches in Canada: LPV, LNAV, and What the INRAT Tests

Canada's GPS approaches come in three types — LPV, LNAV/VNAV, and LNAV. Here's how they differ, what equipment you need, and the INRAT exam traps.

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Regulations

IFR Fuel Requirements in Canada: What CARS 602.88 Actually Says

Destination + alternate + 45 minutes — but where exactly does the reserve go? Here's the fuel calculation the INRAT tests, with a worked example.

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Regulations

IFR Currency in Canada: What CARS 401.05 Requires

Six approaches, holding, intercepting and tracking — all within the preceding six months. Here's exactly what counts and what the exam tests.

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Meteorology

Aircraft Icing for the INRAT: Types, Hazards, and Canadian Rules

Rime, clear, and mixed ice — how each forms, which is most dangerous, how Canadian SIGMETs work, and what CARS 602.11 says about known icing conditions.

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Meteorology

METARs and TAFs: What's Different in Canada (And What the INRAT Tests)

CAVOK, BECMG, TEMPO, NOSIG — Canadian ICAO-format METARs and TAFs decoded, with a real example and the alternate-determination questions the exam uses.

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